Analysis of laser therapy effects in Sporothrix schenckii inactivation in vivo
Gunther Monteiro de Paula Guirado, Luciano dos Santos Feitosa, Dora Inés Kozusny-Andreani, Ricardo Scarparo Navarro
Abstract
Introduction: Sporotrichosis is a common disease in tropical regions, caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, affecting mainly rural workers and in direct contact with animals. Although treatment by indiscriminate use of oral antifungal drugs gives rise resistant isolates, leading to therapeutic failures and no remission of the disease. To evaluate the effectiveness of red low-power laser photobiomodulation in inactivation of S. schenckii infection induced in rodents.
Methods: Subcutaneously inoculation (2x103 S. schenckii/ml, 0.2 ml suspension) in the left footpad, in 27 mice divided into: control (n = 6, inoculated, without irradiation): early stage (not inoculated) = 1th biopsy; intermediate (9 weeks of evolution) = 2nd biopsy; final (21 weeks of evolution) = 3th biopsy. Treated (n = 21, inoculated and irradiated): early (13 weeks of evolution, 4 weeks after first irradiation) = 4th biopsy, intermediate (17 weeks of evolution, 8 weeks after first irradiation) = 5th biopsy, final (21 weeks of evolution, 12 weeks after first irradiation) = 6th biopsy. Serial irradiation with biopsies occurred every 30 days during each month, for three months. At the end of testing, the mice were euthanized, and histological analyzes of biopsies were performed.
Results: Each laser treatment session showed an inactivation of S. schenckii in treated animals compared to controls, with a regression of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, neutrophils, granulomas, giant mononuclear cells and steroid corpuscles.
Conclusion: The laser photobiomodulation was effective on S. schenckii inactivation, appearing to be an interesting therapeutic option in infections caused by this organism.
Keywords
References
Abreu LM, Batista LV, Pereira GCL, Fonseca LA, Kerppers II, Oliveira CS. Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade no trauma agudo medular: estudo Piloto. ConScientiae Saúde. 2011;
10:11-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ConScientiaeSaude/2011/v10n1/2391.
Alves WS, Oliveira GC Jr, Santo LAE, Beserra MRS, Carvalho FAS. Terapia com laser 670 nm no tratamento da DPOC experimental em ratos. ConScientiae Saúde. 2010; 9:610-7.
Antunes TA, Nobre MO, Faria RO, Meinerz ARM, Martins AA, Cleff MB, Fernandes CG, Meireles MCA. Experimental cutaneous sporotrichosis: in vivo evaluation of itraconazole
and terbinafine. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2009; 42(6):706-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822009000600018. PMid:20209359.
Baltazar LM, Ray A, Santos DA, Cisalpino PS, Friedman AJ, Nosanchuk JD. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an effective alternative approach to control fungal infections. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6:202. PMid:25821448.
Barros MBL, Almeida Paes R, Schubach AO. Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011; 24(4):633-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00007-11. PMid:21976602.
Bjordal JM, Couppé C, Chow RT, Tunér J, Ljunggren EA. A systematic review of low level laser therapy with location-specific doses for pain from chronic joint disorders. Aust J Physiother. 2003; 49(2):107-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60127-6. PMid:12775206.
Bonifaz A, Rojas-Padilla R, Tirado-Sánchez A, Ponce RM. Sporotrichosis. The state of the art. In Razzaghi-Abyaneh M, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Rai M. Medical mycology: current trends and future prospects. New York: CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group; 2015. p. 430.
Campos M. Ação da curcumina na terapia fotodinâmica e suas implicações na periodontite: estudo experimental em ratos [tese]. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2013.
Carlos IZ, Batista-Duharte A. Sporotrichosis: an emergent disease. USA: Springer; 2015. p. 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11912-0.
Chakrabarti A, Bonifaz A, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Mochizuki T, Li S. Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis. Med Mycol. 2015; 53(1):3-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myu062. PMid:25526781.
Dai T, Huang Y-Y, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic therapy for localized infections—state of the art. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2009; 6(3-4):170-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2009.10.008. PMid:19932449.
Donnelly RF, McCarron PA, Tunney MM. Antifungal photodynamic therapy. Microbiol Res. 2008; 163(1):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2007.08.001. PMid:18037279.
Feitosa SM, Fernandes KR, Toma RL, De Oliveira P, Rennó ACM, Ribeiro DA. Estudo histológico e biomecânico dos efeitos do Laser terapêutico de baixa potência, 660nm, em defeito ósseo de tíbias de ratos. ConScientiae Saúde. 2012; 11:60-7.
Giaretta VMA, Santos LP, Barbosa AM, Hyslop S, Corrado AP, Galhardo MS, Nicolau RA, Cogo JC. Low-intensity laser therapy improves tetanic contractions in mouse anterior tibialis muscle injected with Bothrops jararaca snake venom. Res Biomed Eng. 2016; 32(2):153-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.04515.
Giaretta VMA, Santos LP, Barbosa AM, Hyslop S, Corrado AP, Nicolau RA, Cogo JC. Effect of low-level laser therapy (GaAlAs-λ660 nm) on muscle function. Res Biomed Eng. 2015; 31(3):241-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.0736.
Gilaberte Y, Aspiroz C, Alejandre MC, Andres-Ciriano E, Fortuno B, Charlez L, Revillo MJ, Hamblin MR, Rezusta A. Cutaneous sporotrichosis treated with photodynamic therapy: an in vitro and in vivo study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014; 32(1):54-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2013.3590. PMid:24328608.
Gould IM. Antibiotic resistance: the perfect storm. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009; 34(Suppl 3):S2-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(09)70549-7. PMid:19596110.
Guirado GMP, Navarro RS, Rossoni RD, Junqueira JC, Feitosa LS. In vitro reduction of pathogenic sporothrix schenckii fungus by photodynamic therapy. Mundo Saúde. 2017;41(2):138-43.
Hajjeh R, McDonnell S, Reef S, Licitra C, Hankins M, Toth B, Padhye A, Kaufman L, Pasarell L, Cooper C, Hutwagner L, Hopkins R, McNeil M. Outbreak of sporotrichosis among tree nursery workers. J Infect Dis. 1997; 176(2):499-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514070. PMid:9237718.
Hashmi JT, Huang Y-Y, Osmani BZ, Sharma SK, Naeser MA, Hamblin MR. Role of low-level laser therapy in neurorehabilitation. PM R. 2010; 2(12 Suppl 2):S292-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.013. PMid:21172691.
Hees H, Raulin C, Bäumler W. Laser treatment of onychomycosis: an in vitro pilot study. JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2012; 10(12):913-7. PMid:22897199.
Javed F, Samaranayake LP, Romanos GE. Treatment of oral fungal infections using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: a systematic review of currently available evidence. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2014; 13(5):726-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3PP50426C. PMid:24686309.
Kozarev J. Novel laser therapy in treatment of onychomycosis. J Laser Helath Acad. 2010; 1:1-8.
Lopes-Bezerra LM, Schubach A, Costa RO. Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2006; 78(2):293-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652006000200009. PMid:16710567.
Mahajan VK. Sporotrichosis: an overview and therapeutic options. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014; 2014:13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/272376. PMid:25614735.
Marques GF, Martins ALGP, Sousa JMP, Brandão LSG, Wachholz PA, Masuda PY. Characterization of sporotrichosis cases treated in a dermatologic teaching unit in the state of São
Paulo-Brazil, 2003-2013. An Bras Dermatol. 2015; 90(2):273-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153447. PMid:25831006.
Meinerz ARM, Nascente PS, Schuch LFD, Cleff MB, Santin R, Brum CS, Nobre MO, Meireles MCA, Mello JRB. In vitro susceptibility of isolates of Sporothrix schenckii to terbinafine and itraconazole. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2007; 40(1):60-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822007000100012. PMid:17486256.
Nunes Mario DA, Denardi LB, Brayer Pereira DI, Santurio JM, Alves SH. In vitro photodynamic inactivation of Sporothrix schenckii complex species. Med Mycol. 2014; 52(7):770-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myu041. PMid:25049038.
Oliveira GC Jr, Santo LAE, Sá HP, Moura Nunes H, Alves WS, Carvalho KC. Efeito da laserterapia de baixa potência na inflamação pulmonar em rattus novergicus. ConScientiae Saúde. 2010; 9:659-66.
Oyarce JA, Garcia C, Alave J, Bustamante B. Epidemiological clinical and laboratory characterization of sporotrichosis in patients of a tertiary care hospital in Lima, Peru, from 1991 to 2014. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2016; 33(3):315-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182016000300012. PMid:27598283.
Portuondo DL, Batista-Duharte A, Ferreira LS, Martínez DT, Polesi MC, Duarte RA, Paula e Silva ACA, Marcos CM, Almeida AMF, Carlos IZ. A cell wall protein-based vaccine candidate induce protective immune response against Sporothrix schenckii infection. Immunobiology. 2016; 221(2):300-9. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1016/j.imbio.2015.10.005. PMid:26547105.
Rosa ACM, Scroferneker ML, Vettorato R, Gervini RL, Vettorato G, Weber A. Epidemiology of sporotrichosis: a study of 304 cases in Brazil. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 52(3 Pt 1):451-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.046. PMid:15761423.
Silva VS, Abreu EMC, Nicolau RA, Soares CP. Comparative analysis of different doses of coherent light (laser) and noncoherent light (light-emitting diode) on cellular necrosis and apoptosis: a study in vitro. Res Biomed Eng. 2016; 32(4):372-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.00115.
Soukos NS, Goodson JM. Photodynamic therapy in the control of oral biofilms. Periodontol 2000. 2011; 55(1):143-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00346.x. PMid:21134233.
Takenaka M, Yoshizaki A, Utani A, Nishimoto K. A survey of 165 sporotrichosis cases examined in Nagasaki prefecture from 1951 to 2012. Mycoses. 2014; 57(5):294-8. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1111/myc.12158. PMid:24283850.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email