Muscle electrical activity during exercises with and without load executed on dry land and in an aquatic environment
Santos, Indira Nayra Paz; Mendes, Izabela dos Santos; Lima, Mario Oliveira; Paula Júnior, Alderico Rodrigues de; Simioni, Andreza Ribeiro; Lucareli, Paulo Roberto G.; Lima, Fernanda Pupio Silva
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.0380
Res. Biomed. Eng., vol.31, n1, p.19-25, 2015
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Views: 898
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle activity in the aquatic environment was investigated using electromyographic analyses. The physical properties of water and the resistance used may infl uence the response of the muscle during exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrical activity in water and on the fl oor during fl exion and knee extension exercises with and without load and aimed at understanding the muscular response while performing resistance exercises in water. Methods: The sample consisted of 14 volunteers between 18 and 35 years old who were subjected to active exercises involving knee fl exion and extension with and without load on the fl oor and in water. Electromyography was performed during the movement. Results: A signifi cant increase was found in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris muscle during exercises on the fl oor. The biceps femoris muscle showed increased electromyographic activity when resistance was used. A signifi cant increase was found in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris muscle compared with exercises with and without load and the moment of rest in immersion. The electrical activity of the rectus and biceps femoris muscles was reduced in exercises with load and without load in a therapy pool compared with on the fl oor. Conclusion: There was a reduction of the electromyographic activity in the aquatic environment compared with that on the ground, which could be attributed to the effects from hot water. Therefore, it is believed that resistance exercises can be performed early in a therapy pool, which will facilitate the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.
Keywords
Electromyography, Hydrotherapy, Kinesiotherapy.
References
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Pinto SS, Cadore EL, Alberton CL, Zaffari P, Bagatini NC, Baroni BM, Radaelli R, Lanferdini FJ, Colado JC, Pinto RS, Vaz MA, Bottaro M, Kruel LF. Effects of intra-session exercise sequence during water-based concurrent training. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014; 35(1):41-8. PMid:23771835.
Pinto SS, Liedtke GV, Alberton CL, da Silva EM, Cadore EL, Kruel LF. Electromyographic signal and force comparisons during maximal voluntary isometric contraction in water and on dry land. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010; 110(5):1075-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1598-0. PMid:20697905
Pöyhönen T, Keskinen KL, Hautala A, Savolainen J, Mälkiä E. Human isometric force production and electromyogram activity of knee extensor muscles in water and on dry land. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1999; 80(1):52-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050557. PMid:10367723
Pöyhönen T, Sipilä S, Keskinen KL, Hautala A, Savolainen J, Mälkiä E. Effects of aquatic resistance training on neuromuscular performance in healthy women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2002; 34(12):2103-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200212000-00036. PMid:12471323
Rahmann AE, Brauer SG, Nitz JC. A specific inpatient aquatic physiotherapy program improves strength after total hip or knee replacement surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2009; 90(5):745-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.12.011.PMid:19406293
Roper JA, Bressel E, Tillman MD. Acute aquatic treadmill exercise improves gait and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013; 94(3):419-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.027.PMid:23131526
Sugajima Y, Mitarai G, Koeda M, Moritani T. Characteristic changes of motor unit activity in hip joint flexor muscles during voluntary isometric contraction during water immersion. Characteristic Changes of Motor Unit Activity in Hip Joint Flexor Muscles During Voluntary Isometric Contraction During Water Immersion. 1996; 6(2):83-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1050-6411(95)00020-8. PMid:20719666
Vodusek DB. Electromyography. In: Bo K, Berghmans B, Morkved S, Van Kampen M, editors. Evidence based physical therapy for the pelvic floor. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2007. p. 53-63.
Becker BE. Aquatic therapy: scientific foundations and clinical rehabilitation applications. PM & R. 2009; 1(9):859-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.05.017. PMid:19769921
Biasoli MC, Machado CMC. Hidroterapia: técnicas e aplicabilidades clínicas nas disfunções reumatológicas. Revista Brasileira de Medicina. 2006; 63:79-80.
Bressel E, Dolny DG, Vandenberg C, Cronin JB. Trunk muscle activity during spine stabilization exercises performed in a pool. Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine. 2012; 13(2):67-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.06.002. PMid:22498146
Cardoso JR, Sousa LB, Lopes LG. Proposta de manual de aplicação do biofeedback eletromiográfico modelo Pathway MR-20 no músculo tibial anterior de pacientes portadores de sequela de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da Unipar. 2003; 7:77-82.
Caromano FA, Nowotny JP. Princípios físicos que fundamentam a hidroterapia. Fisioterapia Brasil. 2002; 3:1-9.
Carvalho RGS, Amorim CF, Perácio LHR, Coelho HF, Vieira AC, Karl Menzel HJ, Szmuchrowski LA. Analysis of various conditions in order to measure electromyography of isometric contractions in water and on air. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2010; 20(5):988-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.12.002. PMid:20385505
Castillo-Lozano R, Cuesta-Vargas AI. A comparison land-water environment of maximal voluntary isometric contraction during manual muscle testing through surface electromyography. BMC Sports Science. Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013; 5:28.
Cuesta-Vargas AI, Cano-Herrera C, Formosa D, Burkett B. Electromyographic responses during time get up and go test in water (wTUG). SpringerPlus. 2013b; 2(1):217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-217. PMid:23705108
Cuesta-Vargas AI, Cano-Herrera CL, Heywood S. Analysis of the neuromuscular activity during rising from a chair in water and on dry land. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of The International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2013a; 23(6):1446-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.06.001. PMid:23834813
Devereux K, Robertson D, Briffa NK. Effects of a waterbased program on women 65 years and over: a randomised controlled trial. The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2005; 51(2):102-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(05)70038-6. PMid:15924512
Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Barrentine SW, Wilk KE, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1998; 30(4):556-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199804000-00014. PMid:9565938
Fujisawa H, Suenaga N, Minami A. Electromyographic study during isometric exercise of the shoulder in head-out water immersion. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery / American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ... [et al.]. 1998; 7(5):491-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1058-2746(98)90200-2. PMid:9814928
Harrison RA, Hillman M, Bulstrode S. Loading of the lower limb when walking partially immersed: implications for clinical practice. Physiotherapy. 1992; 78(3):164-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9406(10)61377-6.
Kelly BT, Roskin LA, Kirkendall DT, Speer KP. Shoulder muscle activation during aquatic and dry land exercises in nonimpaired subjects. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2000; 30(4):204-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2000.30.4.204. PMid:10778797
Kisner C, Colby L. Exercícios terapêuticos: fundamentos e técnicas. São Paulo: Manole; 2000.
Masumoto K, Takasugi S, Hotta N, Fujishima K, Iwamoto Y. Electromyographic analysis of walking in water in healthy humans. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science. 2004; 23(4):119-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/jpa.23.119. PMid:15314269
Müller ESM, Black GL, Figueiredo PP, Kruel LFM, Hanisch C, Appell HJ. Comparação eletromiográfica do exercício abdominal dentro e fora da água. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto. 2005; 5:255-65.
Orselli MIV, Duarte M. Joint forces and torques when walking in shallow water. Journal of Biomechanics. 2011; 44(6):1170-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.01.017. PMid:21334630
Pinto SS, Cadore EL, Alberton CL, Zaffari P, Bagatini NC, Baroni BM, Radaelli R, Lanferdini FJ, Colado JC, Pinto RS, Vaz MA, Bottaro M, Kruel LF. Effects of intra-session exercise sequence during water-based concurrent training. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014; 35(1):41-8. PMid:23771835.
Pinto SS, Liedtke GV, Alberton CL, da Silva EM, Cadore EL, Kruel LF. Electromyographic signal and force comparisons during maximal voluntary isometric contraction in water and on dry land. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010; 110(5):1075-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1598-0. PMid:20697905
Pöyhönen T, Keskinen KL, Hautala A, Savolainen J, Mälkiä E. Human isometric force production and electromyogram activity of knee extensor muscles in water and on dry land. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1999; 80(1):52-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050557. PMid:10367723
Pöyhönen T, Sipilä S, Keskinen KL, Hautala A, Savolainen J, Mälkiä E. Effects of aquatic resistance training on neuromuscular performance in healthy women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2002; 34(12):2103-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200212000-00036. PMid:12471323
Rahmann AE, Brauer SG, Nitz JC. A specific inpatient aquatic physiotherapy program improves strength after total hip or knee replacement surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2009; 90(5):745-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.12.011.PMid:19406293
Roper JA, Bressel E, Tillman MD. Acute aquatic treadmill exercise improves gait and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013; 94(3):419-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.027.PMid:23131526
Sugajima Y, Mitarai G, Koeda M, Moritani T. Characteristic changes of motor unit activity in hip joint flexor muscles during voluntary isometric contraction during water immersion. Characteristic Changes of Motor Unit Activity in Hip Joint Flexor Muscles During Voluntary Isometric Contraction During Water Immersion. 1996; 6(2):83-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1050-6411(95)00020-8. PMid:20719666
Vodusek DB. Electromyography. In: Bo K, Berghmans B, Morkved S, Van Kampen M, editors. Evidence based physical therapy for the pelvic floor. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2007. p. 53-63.
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