Macrophages adhesion rate on Ti-6Al-4V substrates: polishing and DLC coating effects
Santos, Everton Diniz dos; Luqueta, Gerson; Rajasekaran, Ramu; Santos, Thaisa Baesso; Doria, Anelise Cristina Osório Cesar; Radi, Polyana Alves; Pessoa, Rodrigo Sávio; Vieira, Lucia; Maciel, Homero Santiago
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.03616
Res. Biomed. Eng., vol.32, n2, p.144-152, 2016
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Views: 899
Abstract
Introduction: Various works have shown that diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are able to improve the cells adhesion on prosthesis material and also cause protection against the physical wear. On the other hand there are reports about the effect of substrate polishing, in evidence of that roughness can enhance cell adhesion. In order to compare and quantify the joint effects of both factors, i.e, polishing and DLC coating, a commonly prosthesis material, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, was used as raw material for substrates in our studies of macrophage cell adhesion rate on rough and polished samples, coated and uncoated with DLC. Methods: The films were produced by PECVD technique on Ti-6Al-4V substrates and characterized by optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The amount of cells was measured by particle analysis in IMAGE J software. Cytotoxicity tests were also carried out to infer the biocompatibility of the samples. Results: The results showed that higher the surface roughness of the alloy, higher are the cells fixing on the samples surface, moreover group of samples with DLC favored the cell adhesion more than their respective uncoated groups. The cytotoxity tests confirmed that all samples were biocompatible independently of being polished or coated with DLC. Conclusion: From the observed results, it was found that the rougher substrate coated with DLC showed a higher cell adhesion than the polished samples, either coated or uncoated with the film. It is concluded that the roughness of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the DLC coating act complementary to enhance cell adhesion.
Keywords
DLC, RMS roughness, Cell adhesion, Ti-6Al-4V, Macrophages J774, Biomedical prosthesis.
References
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Hinüber C, Kleemann C, Friederichs RJ, Haubold L, Scheibe HJ, Schuelke T, Boehlert C, Baumann MJ. Biocompatibility and mechanical properties of diamond-like coatings on cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy and titanium-aluminum-vanadium biomedical alloys. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. 2010; 95(2):388-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32851. PMid:20648536.
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Jakobsen SS, Danscher G, Stoltenberg M, Larsen A, Bruun JM, Mygind T, Kemp K, Soballe K. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy causes metal accumulation and metallothionein up-regulation in rat liver and kidney. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 2007; 101(6):441-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00137.x. PMid:17971067.
Jelinek M, Zemek J, Vandrovcová M, Bacakova L, Kocourek T, Remsa J, Pısarık P. Bonding and bio-properties of hybrid laser/magnetron Cr-enriched DLC layers. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2016; 58:1217-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.006. PMid:26478424.
Kawtar N, Janani S, Rachidi W, Mkinsi O. Vascularite cérébrale au cours d’une cryoglobulinémie mixte. Revue Marocaine de Rhumatologie. 2013; 26:38-41.
Kaya C. Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite bioactive layers on Ti–6Al–4V alloys for biomedical applications. Ceramics International. 2008; 34(8):1843-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.06.007.
Khatir S, Hirose A, Xiao C. Characterization of physical and biomedical properties of nitrogenated diamond-like carbon films coated on polytetrafluoroethylene substrates. Diamond and Related Materials. 2015; 58:205-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2015.08.003.
Kornu R, Maloney WJ, Kelly MA, Smith RL. Osteoblast adhesion to orthopaedic implant alloys: effects of cell adhesion molecules and diamond-like carbon coating. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 1996; 14(6):871-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100140605. PMid:8982128.
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Marciano FR, Bonetti LF, Santos LV, Da-Silva NS, Corat EJ, Trava-Airoldi VJ. Antibacterial activity of DLC and Ag–DLC films produced by PECVD technique. Diamond and Related Materials. 2009; 18(5-8):1010-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2009.02.014.
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Rusina R, Matěj R, Kašparová L, Kukal J, Urban P. Higher aluminum concentration in alzheimer’s disease after box-cox data transformation. Neurotoxicity Research. 2011; 20(4):329-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12640-011-9246-y. PMid:21567285.
Safiullin R, Christenson W, Owaynat H, Yermolenko IS, Kadirov MK, Ros R, Ugarova TP. Fibrinogen matrix deposited on the surface of biomaterials acts as a natural anti-adhesive coating. Biomaterials. 2015; 67:151-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.007. PMid:26210181.
Scheerder DI, Szilard M, Yanming H, Ping XB, Verbeken E, Neerinck D, Demeyere E, Coppens W. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of two new diamond-like stent coatings (Dylyn) in a porcine coronary stent model. The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2000; 12(8):389-94. PMid:10953100.
Tran HS, Puc MM, Hewitt CW, Soll DB, Marra SW, Simonetti VA, Cilley JH, DelRossi AJ. Diamond-like carbon coating and plasma or glow discharge treatment of mechanical heart valves. Journal of Investigative Surgery. 1999; 12(3):133-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089419399272520. PMid:10421514.
Varoni E, Canciani E, Palazzo B, Varasano V, Chevallier P, Petrizzi L, Dellavia C, Mantovani D, Rimondini L. Effect of Poly-L-Lysine Coating on Titanium Osseo integration: from characterization to in vivo studies. The Journal of Oral Implantology. 2015; 41:626-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-13-00036. PMid:24001103.
Vrekhem SV, Cools P, Declercq H, Tongel AV, Vercruysse C, Cornelissen M, De-Geyter N, Morent R. Application of atmospheric pressure plasma on polyethylene for increased prosthesis adhesion. Thin Solid Films. 2015; 596:256-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.08.055.
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Xuan JL, Cheng HS, Miller RJ. Generation of submicrometer particles in dry sliding contact. Journal of Tribology. 1990; 112(4):684-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920316.
Yingmin S, Satoshi K, Tohru S, Hiroshi N, Joji O. Nanostructured Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated using modified alkali-heat treatment: characterization and cell adhesion. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2016; 59:617-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.077. PMid:26652415.
Allen M, Law F, Rushton N. The effects of diamond-like carbon coatings on macrophages, fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Clinical Materials. 1994; 17(1):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-6605(94)90041-8. PMid:10150171.
Allen M, Myer B, Rushton N. In vitro and in vivo investigations into the biocompatibility of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings for orthopedic applications. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 2001; 58(3):319-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(2001)58:3<319::AID-JBM1024>3.0.CO;2-F. PMid:11319748.
Andrews RE, Shah KM, Wilkinson M, Gartland A. Effects of cobalt and chromium ions at clinically equivalent concentrations after metal-on-metal hip replacement on human osteoblasts and osteoclasts: Implications for skeletal health. Bone. 2011; 49(4):717-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.007. PMid:21689801.
Bendavid A, Martin PJ, Comte C, Preston EW, Haqb AJ, Magdon FS. The mechanical and biocompatibility properties of DLC-Si films prepared by pulsed DC plasma activated chemical vapor deposition. Diamond and Related Materials. 2007; 16(8):1616-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2007.02.006.
Benz T, Aeschlimann A, Angst F. SalutogenetischeKonzeptebei der rehabilitation von arthrose. ZeitschriftfürRheumatologie. 2015; 74:597-602.
Bonetti LF, Capote G, Santos LV, Corat EJ, Trava-Airoldi VJ. Trava-AiroldiVJ. Adhesion studies of diamond-like carbon films deposited on Ti6Al4V substrate with a silicon interlayer. Thin Solid Films. 2006; 515(1):375-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.154.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Grupo de Trabalho Interinstitucional sobre órteses, próteses e materiais especiais (GTI-OPME): relatório final [internet]. Brasilia: MS; 2015. [cited 2016 Jan 25]. Available from: u.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2015/julho/07/Relatorio-Final-versao-final-6-7-2015.pdf
Casiraghi C, Ferrari C, Robertson J. Raman spectroscopy of hydrogenated. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 2005; 72(8):1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085401.
Corbella C, Polo MC, Oncins G, Pascual E, Andújar JL, Bertran E. Time-resolved electrical measurements of a pulsed-dc methane discharge used in diamond-like carbon films. Thin Solid Films. 2005; 482(1-2):172-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.135.
Degasne I, Basle MF, Demais V, Hure G, Lesourd M, Grolleau B, Mercier L, Chappard D. Effects of roughness, fibronectin and vitronectin on attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) on titanium surfaces. Calcified Tissue International. 1999; 64(6):499-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900640. PMid:10341022.
Dieppe P. Disease modification in osteoarthritis: are drugs the answer? Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005; 52(7):1956-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.21124. PMid:15986369.
Ferrari A, Robertson J. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 2000; 61(20):14095-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14095.
Ferrari AC, Robertson J. Raman spectroscopy of amorphous, nanostructured, diamond-like carbon, and nanodiamond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 2004; 362(1824):2477-512.
Ferreri I, Calderon SV, Galindo RE, Palacio C, Henriques M, Piedade AP, Carvalho S. Silver activation on thin films of Ag–ZrCN coatings for antimicrobial activity. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2015; 55:547-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.071. PMid:26117788.
Grill A, Meyerson M, Patel V. Interface modifications for improving the adhesion of a-C:H films to metals. Journal of Materials Research. 1988; 3(02):214-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1988.0214.
Grill A. Diamond-like carbon coatings as biocompatible materials: an overview. Diamond and Related Materials. 2003; 12(2):166-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(03)00018-9.
Hauert R, Müller U. An overview on tailored tribological and biological behavior of diamond-like carbon. Diamond and Related Materials. 2003; 12(2):171-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(03)00019-0.
Hinüber C, Kleemann C, Friederichs RJ, Haubold L, Scheibe HJ, Schuelke T, Boehlert C, Baumann MJ. Biocompatibility and mechanical properties of diamond-like coatings on cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy and titanium-aluminum-vanadium biomedical alloys. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. 2010; 95(2):388-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32851. PMid:20648536.
Ianno NJ, Dillon RO, Ali A, Ahmad A. Deposition of diamond-like carbon on a titanium biomedical alloy. Thin Solid Films. 1995; 270(1):275-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(95)06710-8.
Imtiaz M, Rizwan MS, Xiong S, Li H, Ashraf M, Shahzad SM, Shahzad M, Rizwan M, Tu S. Vanadium, recent advancements and research prospects: A review. Environment International. 2015; 80:79-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.018. PMid:25898154.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. [internet]. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2016. [cited 2016 Jan 25]. Available from: www.ibge.gov.br/apps/populacao/projecao/
Jakobsen SS, Danscher G, Stoltenberg M, Larsen A, Bruun JM, Mygind T, Kemp K, Soballe K. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy causes metal accumulation and metallothionein up-regulation in rat liver and kidney. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 2007; 101(6):441-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00137.x. PMid:17971067.
Jelinek M, Zemek J, Vandrovcová M, Bacakova L, Kocourek T, Remsa J, Pısarık P. Bonding and bio-properties of hybrid laser/magnetron Cr-enriched DLC layers. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2016; 58:1217-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.006. PMid:26478424.
Kawtar N, Janani S, Rachidi W, Mkinsi O. Vascularite cérébrale au cours d’une cryoglobulinémie mixte. Revue Marocaine de Rhumatologie. 2013; 26:38-41.
Kaya C. Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite bioactive layers on Ti–6Al–4V alloys for biomedical applications. Ceramics International. 2008; 34(8):1843-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.06.007.
Khatir S, Hirose A, Xiao C. Characterization of physical and biomedical properties of nitrogenated diamond-like carbon films coated on polytetrafluoroethylene substrates. Diamond and Related Materials. 2015; 58:205-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2015.08.003.
Kornu R, Maloney WJ, Kelly MA, Smith RL. Osteoblast adhesion to orthopaedic implant alloys: effects of cell adhesion molecules and diamond-like carbon coating. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 1996; 14(6):871-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100140605. PMid:8982128.
Linder S, Pinkowskic W, Aepfelbacher M. Adhesion, cytoskeletal architecture and activation status of primary human macrophages on a diamond-like carbon coated surface. Biomaterials. 2002; 23(3):767-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00182-X. PMid:11771697.
Lowenberg B, Chernecky R, Shiga A, Davies JE. Mineralized matrix production by osteoblasts on solid titanium in vitro. Cells Materials. 1991; 1:177-87.
Marciano FR, Bonetti LF, Santos LV, Da-Silva NS, Corat EJ, Trava-Airoldi VJ. Antibacterial activity of DLC and Ag–DLC films produced by PECVD technique. Diamond and Related Materials. 2009; 18(5-8):1010-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2009.02.014.
McLachlan CD, Lukiw W, Kruck T. Aluminum, altered transcription, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 1990; 12(1-2):103-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01734059. PMid:24202576.
Musilkova J, Kotelnikov I, Novotna K, Pop-Georgievski O, Rypacek F, Bacakova L, Proks V. Cell adhesion and growth enabled by biomimetic oligopeptide modification of a polydopamine-poly (ethylene oxide) protein repulsive surface. Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine. 2015; 26(11):253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5583-3. PMid:26449443.
Prado GD, Terriza A, Ortiz-Pérez A, Molina-Manso D, Mahillo I, Yubero F, Puértolas JA, Manrubia-Cobo M, Barrena EG, Esteban J. DLC coatings for UHMWPE: relationship between bacterial adherence and surface properties. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. 2012; 100(10):2813-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34220. PMid:22623338.
Rusina R, Matěj R, Kašparová L, Kukal J, Urban P. Higher aluminum concentration in alzheimer’s disease after box-cox data transformation. Neurotoxicity Research. 2011; 20(4):329-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12640-011-9246-y. PMid:21567285.
Safiullin R, Christenson W, Owaynat H, Yermolenko IS, Kadirov MK, Ros R, Ugarova TP. Fibrinogen matrix deposited on the surface of biomaterials acts as a natural anti-adhesive coating. Biomaterials. 2015; 67:151-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.007. PMid:26210181.
Scheerder DI, Szilard M, Yanming H, Ping XB, Verbeken E, Neerinck D, Demeyere E, Coppens W. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of two new diamond-like stent coatings (Dylyn) in a porcine coronary stent model. The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2000; 12(8):389-94. PMid:10953100.
Tran HS, Puc MM, Hewitt CW, Soll DB, Marra SW, Simonetti VA, Cilley JH, DelRossi AJ. Diamond-like carbon coating and plasma or glow discharge treatment of mechanical heart valves. Journal of Investigative Surgery. 1999; 12(3):133-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089419399272520. PMid:10421514.
Varoni E, Canciani E, Palazzo B, Varasano V, Chevallier P, Petrizzi L, Dellavia C, Mantovani D, Rimondini L. Effect of Poly-L-Lysine Coating on Titanium Osseo integration: from characterization to in vivo studies. The Journal of Oral Implantology. 2015; 41:626-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-13-00036. PMid:24001103.
Vrekhem SV, Cools P, Declercq H, Tongel AV, Vercruysse C, Cornelissen M, De-Geyter N, Morent R. Application of atmospheric pressure plasma on polyethylene for increased prosthesis adhesion. Thin Solid Films. 2015; 596:256-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.08.055.
Wachesk CC, Pires CAF, Ramos BC, Trava-Airoldi VJ, Lobo AO, Pacheco-Soares C, Marciano FR, Da-Silva NS. Cell viability and adhesion on diamond-like carbon films containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Applied Surface Science. 2013; 266:176-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.11.124.
World Health Organization. WHO library cataloguing-in-publication data [internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2014. [cited 2016 Jan 23]. Available from: acad-medic.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/WHO-healt-statistics-full.pdf
Xuan JL, Cheng HS, Miller RJ. Generation of submicrometer particles in dry sliding contact. Journal of Tribology. 1990; 112(4):684-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920316.
Yingmin S, Satoshi K, Tohru S, Hiroshi N, Joji O. Nanostructured Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated using modified alkali-heat treatment: characterization and cell adhesion. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2016; 59:617-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.077. PMid:26652415.
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