Analysis of serum cortisol levels by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for diagnosis of stress in athletes
Lemes, Lia Campos; Caetano Júnior, Paulo Cesar; Strixino, Juliana Ferreira; Aguiar, Josafá; Raniero, Leandro
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.01216
Res. Biomed. Eng., vol.32, n3, p.293-300, 2016
Downloads: 1
Views: 1014
Abstract
Introduction Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a technique with great potential for body fluids analyses. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of session training on cortisol concentrations in rugby players by means of infrared analysis of serum. Methods: Blood collections were performed pre, post and 24 hours after of rugby training sessions. Serum cortisol was analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy and chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: There was a significant difference between the integrated area, in the region of 1180-1102 cm-1, of the spectra for pre, post and post 24 h serums. The cortisol concentration obtained by chemiluminescent immunoassay showed no significant difference between pre, post and post 24 h. Positive correlations were obtained between the techniques (r = 0.75), post (r = 0.83) and post 24 h (r = 0.73). Conclusion: The results showed no increase in cortisol levels of the players after the training sessions, as well as positive correlations indicating that FT-IR spectroscopy have produced promising results for the analysis of serum for diagnosis of stress.
Keywords
Infrared spectroscopy, Blood, Cortisol, Sports medicine.
References
Backes TP, Horvath PJ, Kazial KA. Salivary alpha amylase and salivary cortisol response to fluid consumption in exercising athletes. Biology of Sport. 2015; 32(4):275-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1163689. PMid:26681828.
Caetano PC Jr, Carvalho Aguiar J, Ferreira-Strixino J, José Raniero L. Isokinetic muscle performance and salivary immune-endocrine responses in handball players by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. 2016. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2015.11.007.
Cunniffe B, Hore AJ, Whitcombe DM, Jones KP, Baker JS, Davies B. Time course of changes in immuneoendocrine markers following an international rugby game. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010; 108(1):113-22. PMid:19756700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1200-9.
Déléris G, Petibois C. Applications of FT-IR spectrometry to plasma contents analysis and monitoring. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 2003; 32(1):129-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2031(03)00053-5.
Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME. Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin. 2004; 130(3):355-91. PMid:15122924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355.
Ellis DI, Goodacre R. Metabolic fingerprinting in disease diagnosis: biomedical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst. 2006; 131(8):875-85. PMid:17028718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b602376m.
Ferrari HG, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Training load, immune system, upper respiratory symptoms and performance in well-trained cyclists throughout a competitive season. Biology of Sport. 2013; 30(4):289-94. PMid:24744500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1077555.
Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1998; 30(7):1164-8. PMid:9662690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023.
Franck P, Nabet P, Dousset B. Applications of infrared spectroscopy to medical biology. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 1998; 44(2):273-5. PMid:9593577.
Galliera E, Lombardi G, Marazzi MG, Grasso D, Vianello E, Pozzoni R, Banfi G, Corsi Romanelli MM. Acute exercise in elite rugby players increases the circulating level of the cardiovascular biomarker GDF-15. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 2014; 74(6):492-9. PMid:24792369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2014.905697.
Haneishi K, Fry AC, Moore CA, Schilling BK, Li Y, Fry MD. Cortisol and stress responses during a game and practice in female collegiate soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007; 21(2):583-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/R-20496.1. PMid:17530979.
Hejazi K, Hosseini SR. Influence of selected exercise on serum immunoglobulin, testosterone and cortisol in semi-endurance elite runners. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 3(3):185-92. PMid:23012638.
Hill EE, Zack E, Battaglini C, Viru M, Viru A, Hackney AC. Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: the intensity threshold effect. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2008; 31(7):587-91. PMid:18787373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03345606.
Irving BA, Rutkowski J, Brock DW, Davis CK, Barrett EJ, Gaesser GA, Weltman A. Comparison of Borg- and OMNI-RPE as markers of the blood lactate response to exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2006; 38(7):1348-52. PMid:16826034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000227322.61964.d2.
Khaskheli AR, Sirajuddin, Sherazi STH, Mahesar SA, Kandhro AA, Kalwar NH, Mallah MA. Estimation of ibuprofen in urine and tablet formulations by transmission Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy by partial least square. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2013; 102:403-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.10.021.
Khaustova S, Shkurnikov M, Tonevitsky E, Artyushenko V, Tonevitsky A. Noninvasive biochemical monitoring of physiological stress by Fourier transform infrared saliva spectroscopy. Analyst. 2010; 135(12):3183-92. PMid:20953513. http://dx.doi. org/10.1039/c0an00529k.
Lindsay A, Lewis J, Scarrott C, Draper N, Gieseg SP. Changes in acute biochemical markers of inflammatory and structural stress in rugby union. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2015a; 33(9):882-91. PMid:25358055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.971047.
Lindsay A, Lewis JG, Scarrott C, Gill N, Gieseg SP, Draper N. Assessing the effectiveness of selected biomarkers in the acute and cumulative physiological stress response in professional rugby union through non-invasive assessment. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015b; 36(6):446-54. PMid:25760150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1398528.
Meeusen R, Duclos M, Foster C, Fry A, Gleeson M, Nieman D, Raglin J, Rietjens G, Steinacker J, Urhausen A, Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2013; 45(1):186-205. PMid:23247672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a.
Moreira A, Freitas CG, Nakamura FY, Drago G, Drago M, Aoki MS. Effect of match importance on salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A responses in elite young volleyball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2013; 27(1):202-7. PMid:22395269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825183d9.
Mujika I, Chatard JC, Padilla S, Guezennec CY, Geyssant A. Hormonal responses to training and its tapering off in competitive swimmers: Relationships with performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1996; 74(4):361-6. PMid:8911829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226933.
Nakamura FY, Moreira A, Aoki MS. Monitoramento da carga de treinamento: a percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão é um método confiável? Revista da Educação Física. 2010; 21(1):1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/reveducfis.v21i1.6713.
Petibois C, Cazorla G, Cassaigne A, Déléris G. Application of FT-IR spectrometry to determine the global metabolic adaptations to physical conditioning in sportsmen. Applied Spectroscopy. 2002; 56(10):1259-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760354957.
Petibois C, Déléris G, Cazorla G. Perspectives in the utilisation of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of serum in sports medicine: health monitoring of athletes and prevention of doping. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 2000; 29(6):387-96. PMid:10870865. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029060-00002.
Petibois C, Rigalleau V, Melin AM, Perromat A, Cazorla G, Gin H, Déléris G. Determination of glucose in dried serum samples by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Clinical Chemistry. 1999; 45(9):1530-5. PMid:10471657.
Quarrie RL, Hopkins WG. Changes in player characteristics and match activities in Bledisloe Cup rugby from 1972 to 2004. Journal Sports Science. 2007; 25(8):895-903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410600944659. PMid:17474043.
Sankari G, Krishnamoorthy E, Jayakumaran S, Gunasekaran S, Vishnu Priya V. Shyama Subramaniam, Subramaniam S, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan. Analysis of serum immunoglobulins using Fourier transform infrared spectral measurements. Biology and Medicine. 2010; 2(3):42-8.
Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocrine Reviews. 2000; 21(1):55-89. PMid:10696570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389.
Smart D, Gill ND, Beaven CM, Cook CJ, Blazevich AJ. The relationship between changes in interstitial creatine kinase and game-related impacts in rugby union. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 42(3):198-201. PMid:18048442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.040162.
Stuart B. Biological applications of infrared spectroscopy. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1997.
Takarada Y. Evaluation of muscle damage after a rugby match with special reference to tackle plays. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003; 37(5):416-9. PMid:14514532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.5.416.
Thompson D, Nicholas C, Williams C. Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1999; 17(5):387-95. PMid:10413266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404199365902.
Urhausen A, Gabriel H, Kindermann W. Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Medicine. 1995; 20(4):251-76. PMid:8584849. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199520040-00004.
Wang C, Wu J, Zong C, Xu J, Ju HX. Chemiluminescent Immunoassay and its applications. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2012; 40(1):3-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2040(11)60518-5.
Yoshida S, Yoshida M, Yamamoto M, Takeda J. Optical screening of diabetes mellitus using non-invasive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique for human lip. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2013; 76:169-76. PMid:23333685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.009.
Caetano PC Jr, Carvalho Aguiar J, Ferreira-Strixino J, José Raniero L. Isokinetic muscle performance and salivary immune-endocrine responses in handball players by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. 2016. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2015.11.007.
Cunniffe B, Hore AJ, Whitcombe DM, Jones KP, Baker JS, Davies B. Time course of changes in immuneoendocrine markers following an international rugby game. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010; 108(1):113-22. PMid:19756700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1200-9.
Déléris G, Petibois C. Applications of FT-IR spectrometry to plasma contents analysis and monitoring. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 2003; 32(1):129-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2031(03)00053-5.
Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME. Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin. 2004; 130(3):355-91. PMid:15122924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355.
Ellis DI, Goodacre R. Metabolic fingerprinting in disease diagnosis: biomedical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst. 2006; 131(8):875-85. PMid:17028718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b602376m.
Ferrari HG, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Training load, immune system, upper respiratory symptoms and performance in well-trained cyclists throughout a competitive season. Biology of Sport. 2013; 30(4):289-94. PMid:24744500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1077555.
Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1998; 30(7):1164-8. PMid:9662690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023.
Franck P, Nabet P, Dousset B. Applications of infrared spectroscopy to medical biology. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 1998; 44(2):273-5. PMid:9593577.
Galliera E, Lombardi G, Marazzi MG, Grasso D, Vianello E, Pozzoni R, Banfi G, Corsi Romanelli MM. Acute exercise in elite rugby players increases the circulating level of the cardiovascular biomarker GDF-15. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 2014; 74(6):492-9. PMid:24792369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2014.905697.
Haneishi K, Fry AC, Moore CA, Schilling BK, Li Y, Fry MD. Cortisol and stress responses during a game and practice in female collegiate soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007; 21(2):583-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/R-20496.1. PMid:17530979.
Hejazi K, Hosseini SR. Influence of selected exercise on serum immunoglobulin, testosterone and cortisol in semi-endurance elite runners. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 3(3):185-92. PMid:23012638.
Hill EE, Zack E, Battaglini C, Viru M, Viru A, Hackney AC. Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: the intensity threshold effect. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2008; 31(7):587-91. PMid:18787373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03345606.
Irving BA, Rutkowski J, Brock DW, Davis CK, Barrett EJ, Gaesser GA, Weltman A. Comparison of Borg- and OMNI-RPE as markers of the blood lactate response to exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2006; 38(7):1348-52. PMid:16826034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000227322.61964.d2.
Khaskheli AR, Sirajuddin, Sherazi STH, Mahesar SA, Kandhro AA, Kalwar NH, Mallah MA. Estimation of ibuprofen in urine and tablet formulations by transmission Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy by partial least square. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2013; 102:403-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.10.021.
Khaustova S, Shkurnikov M, Tonevitsky E, Artyushenko V, Tonevitsky A. Noninvasive biochemical monitoring of physiological stress by Fourier transform infrared saliva spectroscopy. Analyst. 2010; 135(12):3183-92. PMid:20953513. http://dx.doi. org/10.1039/c0an00529k.
Lindsay A, Lewis J, Scarrott C, Draper N, Gieseg SP. Changes in acute biochemical markers of inflammatory and structural stress in rugby union. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2015a; 33(9):882-91. PMid:25358055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.971047.
Lindsay A, Lewis JG, Scarrott C, Gill N, Gieseg SP, Draper N. Assessing the effectiveness of selected biomarkers in the acute and cumulative physiological stress response in professional rugby union through non-invasive assessment. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015b; 36(6):446-54. PMid:25760150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1398528.
Meeusen R, Duclos M, Foster C, Fry A, Gleeson M, Nieman D, Raglin J, Rietjens G, Steinacker J, Urhausen A, Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2013; 45(1):186-205. PMid:23247672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a.
Moreira A, Freitas CG, Nakamura FY, Drago G, Drago M, Aoki MS. Effect of match importance on salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A responses in elite young volleyball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2013; 27(1):202-7. PMid:22395269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825183d9.
Mujika I, Chatard JC, Padilla S, Guezennec CY, Geyssant A. Hormonal responses to training and its tapering off in competitive swimmers: Relationships with performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1996; 74(4):361-6. PMid:8911829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02226933.
Nakamura FY, Moreira A, Aoki MS. Monitoramento da carga de treinamento: a percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão é um método confiável? Revista da Educação Física. 2010; 21(1):1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/reveducfis.v21i1.6713.
Petibois C, Cazorla G, Cassaigne A, Déléris G. Application of FT-IR spectrometry to determine the global metabolic adaptations to physical conditioning in sportsmen. Applied Spectroscopy. 2002; 56(10):1259-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760354957.
Petibois C, Déléris G, Cazorla G. Perspectives in the utilisation of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of serum in sports medicine: health monitoring of athletes and prevention of doping. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 2000; 29(6):387-96. PMid:10870865. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029060-00002.
Petibois C, Rigalleau V, Melin AM, Perromat A, Cazorla G, Gin H, Déléris G. Determination of glucose in dried serum samples by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Clinical Chemistry. 1999; 45(9):1530-5. PMid:10471657.
Quarrie RL, Hopkins WG. Changes in player characteristics and match activities in Bledisloe Cup rugby from 1972 to 2004. Journal Sports Science. 2007; 25(8):895-903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410600944659. PMid:17474043.
Sankari G, Krishnamoorthy E, Jayakumaran S, Gunasekaran S, Vishnu Priya V. Shyama Subramaniam, Subramaniam S, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan. Analysis of serum immunoglobulins using Fourier transform infrared spectral measurements. Biology and Medicine. 2010; 2(3):42-8.
Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocrine Reviews. 2000; 21(1):55-89. PMid:10696570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389.
Smart D, Gill ND, Beaven CM, Cook CJ, Blazevich AJ. The relationship between changes in interstitial creatine kinase and game-related impacts in rugby union. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 42(3):198-201. PMid:18048442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.040162.
Stuart B. Biological applications of infrared spectroscopy. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1997.
Takarada Y. Evaluation of muscle damage after a rugby match with special reference to tackle plays. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003; 37(5):416-9. PMid:14514532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.5.416.
Thompson D, Nicholas C, Williams C. Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1999; 17(5):387-95. PMid:10413266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404199365902.
Urhausen A, Gabriel H, Kindermann W. Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Medicine. 1995; 20(4):251-76. PMid:8584849. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199520040-00004.
Wang C, Wu J, Zong C, Xu J, Ju HX. Chemiluminescent Immunoassay and its applications. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2012; 40(1):3-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2040(11)60518-5.
Yoshida S, Yoshida M, Yamamoto M, Takeda J. Optical screening of diabetes mellitus using non-invasive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique for human lip. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2013; 76:169-76. PMid:23333685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.009.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email